Contracts for Difference: The Simplest Derivative in the Financial Market

Contracts for difference or CFDs are derivatives that may refer to underlying assets such as stocks, forex, indices or any other financial instrument. Although similar to some other derivative products available for trading, contracts for difference are slightly different.

Contracts for difference refer to agreement between a buyer and seller stipulating that the seller will pay the buyer, or receive as the case may be, the difference between the current value of the contract and the value at the time the contract was made. The purpose is to allow traders to speculate on price movement; there is no commitment as to actual delivery of the underlying asset. Traders can benefit from downward price movements as well by going short or sell CFDs as prior ownership is not an issue.

It can be said that most of the features of contracts for difference mimic the features of derivative products such as call and put options and futures. However, there are some basic differences that need to be understood. Options involve attaining the right (although not the obligation) to buy the underlying asset at a fixed price at a later date. CFDs do not give this right to a buyer.

However, the biggest difference is with time value. The value of options decays with time. The time premium reduces as the expiry date approaches near. It is not the case with contracts for difference as they mirror the price of the underlying asset. It is this simplicity of pricing that makes CFDs more popular than other derivatives. Add the ability to employ leverage and you have the simplest derivative in the financial market.